How to Choose your Carbide Grade

Cookie Policy

View Details

Cookies are used on this website. 

Cookies are small pieces of data that a website sends to your computer's web browser while you are navigating through it. They have many different purposes, but mainly, cookies enable you to navigate between pages easily, to remember your preferences, and eventually to improve the user experience. These cookies may then be stored on your machine to identify your computer.

Cookies used on this website can be set up either by our website or by a third-party website. Moreover, these cookies can be 'session' or 'persistent' cookies. A session cookie is a cookie that is automatically deleted when the user closes the browser, whereas a persistent cookie is a cookie that remains stored in the user's terminal device until it reaches a defined expiration date.

 

A. General information about cookies.

All cookies used on this website is either to ensure a stable and user friendly environment or to analyze and enhance the functionality of the site. Hyperion does not share any user data or behaviour on the web site with third parties if the visitor don't accept to be tracked by our cookies. If visitor consent to accept all cookies data will be shared with third parties.

 

B. Types of cookies we use

For assist the user, we have arranged cookies based on purpose and function as below.

1. Strictly Necessary Cookies: These cookies are essential to ensure a stable environement and allows the website to function as designed. Without these cookies, some services you ask for on the site cannot be provided. These cookies can't be disabled on the site, and only through the settings in your web browser.
2. Functionality Cookies: These cookies allow the website to remember choices you make and provide an enhanced more personal features. These cookies cannot track your browsing activity on any other websites than hyperion.com. They do not gather any information that could be used for advertising. Other cookies are used to collect information about how visitors use a website, for instance which pages they go to more often, and if they get error messages from web pages. All information collected by means of these cookies is anonymised, aggregated, and only used to develop and track traffic patterns on the site and to improve how our website works. Functionality cookies used on the Hyperion website for language preference, for example.

3. Statistics cookies

   :

   Statistics cookies: These cookies collect information about how you use our website, like which pages you visited and which links you clicked on. None of this information can be used to identify you. It is all aggregated and, therefore, anonymized. Their sole purpose is to improve website functions. This includes cookies from third-party analytics services as long as the cookies are for the exclusive use of the owner of the website visited.

   Marketing cookies:
   These cookies allow us and our advertising partners to build a profile of your interests and show you more relevant advertising or to limit how many times you see an ad. These cookies can share that information with other organizations or advertisers. These are persistent cookies and almost always of third-party provenance.

 

C. Use of cookies

The primary cookies we use on this website are described below:

Name Company Cookie category Purpose Cookie type and duration 319af4c0-e197-4de9-8a9b-fe98c8a2ca04 Dynamics 365 Marketing Statistics and Marketing cookies This cookie is also set and/or read on any webpage where you have placed a Marketing website behavioral-analysis script. By default, it expires after just 30 minutes. Marketing uses it to group all page loads by a given visitor that are recorded by the same behavioral-analysis script and that occur within the configured time frame. The cookie will consider all of these as part of a single "visit" to the website. Session 79f-5c63--b04d-fb6f39afda51 Dynamics 365 Marketing Statistics and Marketing cookies This cookie is set and/or read on any webpage where you have placed a Marketing website behavioral-analysis script. The cookie enables Marketing to score leads based on their level of interaction with a given website. The cookie contains no personal information, but does uniquely identify a specific browser on a specific machine, and Marketing can use it to correlate this ID with an actual contact in the Marketing database. The cookie remains active for two years. Persistent, 13 month lang LinkedIn Statistics and Marketing cookies Used to remember a user's language setting to ensure LinkedIn.com displays in the language selected by the user in their settings. Session IDE Google Statistics and Marketing cookies Used to show Google ads on non-Google sites.  Persistent, 13 month bcookie LinkedIn Statistics and Marketing cookies Browser Identifier cookie used for diagnostic purposes. Persistent, 1 year lang LinkedIn Statistics and Marketing cookies Used to remember a user's language setting to ensure LinkedIn.com displays in the language selected by the user in their settings. Session ARRAffinity Hyperion Strictly necessary cookies This cookie is used by Microsoft Azure to help direct your request to the correct server. Session ai_session Hyperion Strictly necessary cookies These cookies are used by Microsoft Azure Application Insights, which collects site telemetry, allowing us to analyze how our site is performing and to perform optimization. Session, deleted after you close your browser _gaexp Google Statistics and Marketing cookies Used by Google Analytics to save the expiration date of active experiments Persistent, 93 days _gat_ Google Statistics and Marketing cookies Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. Persistent, 1 minute undefined Unknown Unknown   Persistent, 1 month ARRAffinitySameSite Hyperion Strictly necessary cookies This cookie is set by Windows Azure cloud, and is used for load balancing to make sure the visitor page requests are routed to the same server in any browsing session. Session undefineds Unknown Unknown   Session ASP.NET_SessionId Hyperion Strictly necessary cookies ASP.Net_SessionId is a cookie used to identify the users' session on the server.  Session li_gc LinkedIn Statistics and Marketing cookies Used to store consent of guests regarding the use of cookies for non-essential purposes  Persistent, 6 months msd365mkttrs Dynamics 365 Marketing Statistics and Marketing cookies This cookie is also set and/or read on any webpage where you have placed a Marketing website behavioral-analysis script. By default, it expires after just 30 minutes. Marketing uses it to group all page loads by a given visitor that are recorded by the same behavioral-analysis script and that occur within the configured time frame. The cookie will consider all of these as part of a single "visit" to the website. Session _gid Google Statistics and Marketing cookies Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. Persistent, 24 hours _ga Google Statistics and Marketing cookies Used by Google Analytics to collect data on the number of times a user has visited the website. Persistent, 2 years AnalyticsSyncHistory LinkedIn Statistics and Marketing cookies Used to store information about the time a sync took place with the lms_analytics cookie Persistent, 30 days _gcl_au Google Statistics and Marketing cookies Used by Google AdSense for experimenting with advertisement efficiency across websites using their services. Persistent, 90 days ConsentCookie Hyperion Strictly necessary cookies This cookie store visitors cookie consent settings. Persistent, 1 year msd365mkttr Dynamics 365 Marketing Statistics and Marketing cookies Behavior tracking Persistent, 1 month lidc LinkedIn Statistics and Marketing cookies To facilitate data center selection Persistent, 24 hours ai_user Hyperion Strictly necessary cookies   Persistent, 1 year UserMatchHistory LinkedIn Statistics and Marketing cookies LinkedIn Ads ID syncing Persistent, 30 days HyperionWeb Hyperion Functional This cookie store web site language setting. Persistent, 35 days test_cookie Google Statistics and Marketing cookies Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies Persistent, 15 minutes _zitok Zoominfo  Functional Fist-party cookie set by ZoomInfo to identify unique visitors. Persistent, 1 year

 

D. How to accept or refuse cookies

If you do not want to receive cookies from our website, you may set your browser to refuse cookies or to notify you when you receive a cookie request, which you may then accept or refuse upon such notice. You can also generally set your browser to turn off cookies. To understand how to do this, please consult your browser's 'Tools' section or any other similar heading.

We recommend that you leave the cookies active. Bear in mind that if you block, turn off, or otherwise reject our cookies, some web pages may not display properly or you will not be able to use any website services that require you to sign in.

If you object to have cookies placed on your machine, you need to disable them. In order to do so, please follow the relevant instructions depending on your browser:

• If you use the Internet Explorer browser.
• If you use the Firefox browser.
• If you use the Safari browser.
• If you use the Google Chrome browser.

 

While the metallurgic term 'carbide grades' refers specifically to tungsten carbide (WC) sintered with cobalt it's used for various applications such as Nozzles, Dies, Rollers, Crush Rolls, and Cutting Tools. The same term has a broader meaning in machining: sintered tungsten carbide combined with coatings and other treatments. For example, two turning inserts made of the same carbide material but with a different coating or post-treatment are considered different grades.

Carbide Grade Selection describes the different carbide tool grades and explains how to select the proper grade for a cutting operation. Carbide grades are classified by two systems. The ANSI C-system lists grades of C1 through C8. The ISO classification system designates carbide grades as P, M, and K, followed by a number that further describes the qualities of the carbide. Carbide grade is often dependent on the type of metal used: tungsten, titanium, or tantalum. Grades have different levels of hardness, toughness, and wear resistance. Coating carbide tools can increase wear resistance and part quality.

What is the substrate?

In general, smaller tungsten carbide grain sizes allow for the manufacture of carbides with a finer microstructure. A prerequisite for this is the prevention of grain growth during the sintering process by adding suitable doping (process of adding some impurity atoms) components in the right amount, adjusted to the cobalt content.  The cobalt content is determined based on the required performance specifications for the carbide. Since the specific surface of a carbide depends reciprocally on its grain size, a finely grained carbide can adsorb more binder than a coarsely grained TC. 

An increase in cobalt content results in increased toughness (TRS) while hardness and wear resistance are reduced. This opposite development of the two desirable parameters, hardness, and toughness can be countered by reducing the carbide grain size. The result is an increased hardness because of the finer grain of the carbide which at the same time permits a high binding metal content as the grain structure offers a large surface area on which to bind:  It also creates a high toughness. Consequently, superfine grain carbide grades offer increased hardness while maintaining toughness.

Some basic guidelines for selecting the correct hardness:

Material

Turning

Milling

 

Continuous

Light Interrupted

Heavy Interrupted

 

Steel

Hard

Medium

Tough

Tough

Stainless Steel

Hard

Medium

Tough

Tough

Aluminum

Hard

Medium-Hard

Medium

Medium

Inconel

Featured content:
Measurement & Analysis Instruments
Choosing the Right Power Measurement Instrument
When to Use Ndt Flaw Detector？

If you want to learn more, please visit our website RTP GAUGE.

Very Hard

Hard

Medium

Tough

Titanium

Very Hard

Hard

Medium

Medium

 

What Are Carbide Coatings?

About 80 percent of the inserts used in machining today are coated cemented carbide grades. These tool inserts earned and maintained that growing market share because of their broad application for removing large amounts of material while they sustain a long tool-life.

The high material removal rates and long life for these tools are achieved through an incomparable balance of wear resistance and toughness. Relatively thin insert coatings -- 0. in. to 0. in. -- protect inserts from the heat, corrosion and abrasion that shorten their lives.

Coating processes: Two principal coating processes are used for indexable inserts to provide cutting edges with fundamentally different properties for machining:

• Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) which uses a higher temperature and gives thicker coatings.
  ' Physical vapor deposition (PVD) uses a lower temperature and gives thinner coatings.

Each of these processes give rise to different tensions in the coating material. Chemical vapor deposition develops tensile stress in the substrate, while physical vapor deposition tends to develop compressive stress. These stresses provide different desirable characteristics for the insert.

The CVD-coated insert typically has a thicker coating and has a high degree of wear resistance and coating adherence. The PVD-coated insert has a thinner coating, high toughness and is more suitable for sharper cutting edges.

CVD is the dominant coating process, partly because it is the only process capable of satisfactorily depositing layers of Al2O3.

Recent developments include CVD processes for depositing TiCN and Al2O3 in ways that lower stress levels and develop fewer tendencies for crack formation in the coated surface of the insert. After the heat of the CVD-coating processes a network of cooling cracks tend to form, resembling a dry riverbed. The resulting tensile stresses, due to the different coating materials involved in the several layers, can negatively reduce the toughness properties of the insert.

Coating Selection Guide:

Materials

Turning (High Vc)

Turning (Low Vc)

Grooving

Milling

P

CVD

PVD

PVD

PVD

M

Thin CVD

PVD

PVD

PVD

K

CVD

PVD

CVD or PVD

PVD or Thin CVD

N

Uncoated

Uncoated

Uncoated

Uncoated

S

Thin PVD

Thin PVD

Thin PVD

PVD

 

Post Treatment:

All coatings have flaws in their surface uniformity caused by coating droplets and non-uniform grain size. Most modern grades add a post-treatment after the coating process. This treatment is usually:

• Sandblasting or tumbling,
• Aiming to smoothen the finial coating layer.
• Reducing the friction and, as a result, also the generated heat.

Carbide Grades Designation:

Just as there is no official standard for grade application ranges, there is no formal standard for grade designations. That said, most major carbide inserts suppliers follow common guidelines in their grade designations. The "classic" designation follows a six-character format BBSSNN, where:

For more information, please visit tungsten carbide metric gauge.

• BB ' Brand Code: Each major supplier has its own letters associated with it.
• SS ' Grade Series Number: Grade series numbers are usually represented by two random digits. A series is usually a group of grades designed for a particular raw material and sharing a common coating type. Some examples of grade series could be:
• BB85 ' CVD grades for turning steel.
• BB64 ' PVD grades for nickel-based alloys.
• BB23 ' CVD grades for milling cast iron.
• NN ' Hardness Level: The last two digits, in most cases, reflect the hardness level of the different grades in a series. The number usually ranges from 05 to 45 according to the same system explained above about the grade charts. For example:
• BB ' A very hard grade for turning steel in stable conditions.
• BB ' A very tough grade for turning steel in heavy interrupted cuts.